{"id":991059,"date":"2026-09-28T07:28:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T07:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/?p=991059"},"modified":"2026-09-28T07:28:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T07:28:50","slug":"tong-quan-ve-nam-linh-chi-ganodema-lucidum-leyss-ex-fr-karst-dac-diem-thuc-vat-hoc-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-tac-dung-duoc-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/?p=991059","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 n\u1ea5m linh chi (Ganodema Lucidum (Leyss Ex. Fr.) Karst): \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m Linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum<\/em>\u00a0(Leyss ex. Fr.) Karst) (h\u00ecnh 1), h\u1ecd N\u1ea5m lim (Ganodermataceae), c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi: N\u1ea5m<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh: N\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea3m (Basidiomycota)<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp: N\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea3m (Agaricomycetes)<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9: N\u1ea5m \u0111a t\u1ea7ng (Polyporales)<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd: N\u1ea5m lim (Ganodermataceae)<\/p>\n

Chi: Ganoderma<\/em><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i: Ganoderma lucidum<\/em>\u00a0(Leyss ex.Fr.) Karst<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00ecnh 1: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ea5m Linh chi\u00a0<\/strong>Ganoderma lucidum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Leyss ex. Fr.) Karst<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chi Ganoderma<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee9ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng sinh b\u00e0o t\u1eed thay cho phi\u1ebfn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, G. lucidum<\/em> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

1.2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a g\u1ed7, c\u1ee9ng, d\u1ea1ng dai v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u0169 n\u1ea5m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1eadn, b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

M\u0169 n\u1ea5m (pileus) c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp vecni, do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cutin d\u00e0y. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n non, m\u0169 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t; khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u, n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00e2u s\u1eabm ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u \u00e1nh t\u00edm. Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u00e9p m\u0169 m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eb9. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 3\u201330 cm, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 0,5\u20131,5 cm. M\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u0169 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng sinh b\u00e0o t\u1eed (hymenophore) d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u1edf n\u1ea5m m\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf, x\u1ebfp s\u00edt nhau, v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 4\u20135 l\u1ed7\/mm; mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi c\u00f2n non, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, sau chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t khi gi\u00e0; \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,2\u20130,7 cm.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m (stipe) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00ednh l\u1ec7ch \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u0169. Cu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i b\u00f3ng. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i d\u1eb9t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,5\u20131,5(2) cm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 3\u201317 cm v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecbt n\u1ea5m (context) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng khi c\u00f2n non v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u1ecbt n\u1ea5m dai, h\u00f3a g\u1ed7, kh\u00f3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y (Tr\u1ecbnh Tam Ki\u1ec7t, 2011).<\/p>\n

1.3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m vi h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi h\u1ecdc, n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng dimitic, g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i b\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2\u20137 \u00b5m, th\u00e0nh d\u00e0y, n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng sinh b\u00e0o t\u1eed g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m (basidia) d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u00f9y ng\u1eafn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 7\u201310 \u00d7 12\u201314 \u00b5m, mang b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh. B\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i nh\u1ecdn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 5\u201311,5 \u00d7 8,5\u201311,5 \u00b5m. Th\u00e0nh b\u00e0o t\u1eed g\u1ed3m hai l\u1edbp: l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u; l\u1edbp trong c\u00f3 gai nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0o t\u1eed hai l\u1edbp l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chi Ganoderma<\/em> (Tr\u1ecbnh Tam Ki\u1ec7t, 2011).<\/p>\n

1.4. Sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Linh chi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ea5m Linh chi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai, t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (L\u00e0o Cai, Tam \u0110\u1ea3o) \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Thanh H\u00f3a, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng). N\u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c, n\u01a1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0nh g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i, G. lucidum<\/em> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m ho\u1ea1i sinh ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd sinh y\u1ebfu, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0n d\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. N\u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Caesalpiniaceae (nh\u01b0 lim, mu\u1ed3ng, me) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd Fagaceae (c\u00e1c chi Quercus<\/em>, Lithocarpus<\/em>, Castanopsis<\/em>).<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng k\u00edn th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 1000 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (\u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ea5t L\u1ee3i, 2006).<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c, G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 90% n\u01b0\u1edbc theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi 10% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 polysaccharide, triterpenoid, sterol, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic v\u00e0 protein. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m ch\u1ee9a 26\u201328% carbohydrate, 3\u20135% ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o th\u00f4, 59% ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1, 7\u20138% protein v\u00e0 1,8% tro t\u00ednh theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4. Ngo\u00e0i ra, G. lucidum<\/em> c\u00f2n gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kali, phospho, canxi, magie, selen, k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 s\u1eaft, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m (Wachtel-Galor & cs., 2011; Sharma & cs., 2019).<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, polysaccharide l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Triterpenoid, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c acid ganoderic, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic, sterol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn G. lucidum<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (Wachtel-Galor & cs., 2011; Azi & cs., 2024).<\/p>\n

2.1. Polysaccharides<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m, bao g\u1ed3m G. lucidum<\/em>, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng polysaccharide cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c polysaccharide c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3, b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m \u03b2<\/em>-glucan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khung \u03b2<\/em>-1,3-D-glucopyranan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh b\u00ean monoglucosyl li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u03b2<\/em>-1,6 (Zhang & cs., 2023). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, polysaccharide c\u1ee7a G. lucidum<\/em> c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c heteropolysaccharide, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i monosaccharide nh\u01b0 glucose, mannose v\u00e0 galactose, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y (Gao & Homayoonfal, 2023).<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1eadc ba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng xo\u1eafn ba, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a polysaccharide. C\u00e1c polysaccharide c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n; tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Zhang & cs., 2023; Gao & Homayoonfal, 2023).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.2. Terpenoid<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Triterpenoid trong G. lucidum<\/em>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c acid ganoderic, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i lanostane, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed1n v\u00f2ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH) ho\u1eb7c keto (=O), g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u01a1n 380 lo\u1ea1i triterpenoid kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c acid lucidenic v\u00e0 ganodermanontriol, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong G. lucidum<\/em>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (Zheng & cs., 2023).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c triterpenoid n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ethanol ho\u1eb7c CO\u2082 si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd. Khung lanostane c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c sinh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng triterpenoid c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

3.3. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic trong G. lucidum<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a acid cinnamic, acid benzoic v\u00e0 flavonoid. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m c\u00f3 g\u1eafn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenolic ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i stress oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt (Masjedi & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c acid phenolic ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong G. lucidum<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m acid caffeic, acid ferulic v\u00e0 acid gallic. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ethanol ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch methanol trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPLC) (Mizzi & cs., 2020). \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i oxy ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ROS) (Masjedi & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

2.4. Sterol<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c sterol trong G. lucidum<\/em>, nh\u01b0 ergosterol v\u00e0 ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3\u03b2-ol, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vitamin D2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ergosterol l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb G. lucidum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ergosterol \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tia UV, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh vitamin D2 (Obodai & cs., 2017). C\u00e1c sterol th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 hexan ho\u1eb7c CO\u2082 si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (Papoutsis & cs., 2020).<\/p>\n

2.5. Protein v\u00e0 peptide<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G. lucidum<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c protein v\u00e0 peptide c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), m\u1ed9t protein n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3. LZ-8 g\u1ed3m 110 acid amin v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng homodimer c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 immunoglobulin v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eafc k\u00fd trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion. Ph\u1ea7n glycan c\u1ee7a LZ-8, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m mannose, galactose v\u00e0 glucose, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, G. lucidum<\/em> c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c peptide c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m 5\u201321 acid amin, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c peptide kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c acid amin k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng phi\u1ebfn \u03b2<\/em> (\u03b2<\/em>-sheet), xo\u1eafn \u03b1<\/em> (\u03b1<\/em>-helix), cu\u1ed9n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (random coil) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft disulfide (Drzewiecka & cs., 2024). C\u00e1c protein v\u00e0 peptide trong G. lucidum<\/em> ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh h\u00f3a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

2.6. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a enzyme \u0111\u1ebfn duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong G. lucidum<\/em> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3ng 1 (Kumar & cs., 2021):<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh trong G. lucidum<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\nVai tr\u00f2<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (mg\/100 g n\u1ea5m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kali (K)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 co c\u01a1<\/td>\n432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Natri (Na)<\/td>\nGi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/td>\n2,82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Canxi (Ca)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng, co c\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, canxi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hormone v\u00e0 enzyme.<\/td>\n1,88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Magie (Mg)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t immunoglobulin, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa lymphocyte v\u00e0 immunoglobulin M (IgM), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o qua trung gian kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o v\u1edbi lymphokine.<\/td>\n7,95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1eaft (Fe)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hemoglobin, protein ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy trong m\u00e1u. S\u1eaft c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a.<\/td>\n2,22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1ebdm (Zn)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DNA, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. K\u1ebdm c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a da v\u00e0 t\u00f3c.<\/td>\n0,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mangan (Mn)<\/td>\nL\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Mangan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u enzyme, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzyme tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a.<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng (Cu)<\/td>\nTham gia v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a s\u1eaft v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u.<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phospho (P)<\/td>\nC\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein.<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S)<\/td>\n\u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong G. lucidum<\/em> kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau thu ho\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ogbe v\u00e0 Obeka ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi (1,99%), magie (0,34%), kali (1,11%), natri (229,88 ppm), k\u1ebdm (51,49 ppm), phospho (30,17 ppm), mangan (71,06 ppm), \u0111\u1ed3ng (7,43 ppm) v\u00e0 s\u1eaft (121,37 ppm) trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u1ea5m hoang d\u1ea1i thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Nigeria, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t (Ogbe & Obeka, 2013).<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Senila v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m (Senila & cs., 2024). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Akinyeye v\u00e0 Muhammad c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sinh l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 phytate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y (Akinyeye & cs., 2010; Muhammad & cs., 2011).<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

2.7. Lipid v\u00e0 acid b\u00e9o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i lipid v\u00e0 acid b\u00e9o kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y. Lipid \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lipid c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m bao g\u1ed3m sterol, phospholipid v\u00e0 lipid trung t\u00ednh (Vani-Raju & cs., 2025).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o trong G. lucidum<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 acid b\u00e9o no v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng no. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no nh\u01b0 acid oleic, acid linoleic v\u00e0 acid palmitoleic chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng acid n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no \u0111a n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i (PUFAs) g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o no nh\u01b0 acid palmitic c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lipid v\u00e0 acid b\u00e9o n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a G. lucidum <\/em>(Vani-Raju & cs., 2025).<\/p>\n

2.8. Vitamin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G. lucidum<\/em> l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c vitamin n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m vitamin B: G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vitamin nh\u00f3m B, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 1,14 mg\/100 g. Nhu c\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y (DRI) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vitamin B1 l\u00e0 1,0 mg (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Tham gia v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a da v\u00e0 m\u1eaft. G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 1,86 mg\/100 g. DRI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vitamin B2 l\u00e0 1,1 mg (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

Vitamin B3 (Niacin): C\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa DNA v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed. G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 21,42 mg\/100 g. DRI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vitamin B3 l\u00e0 12 mg (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

Vitamin B9 (Folate): C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DNA v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 287,45 \u00b5g\/100 g. DRI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vitamin B9 l\u00e0 320 \u00b5g (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, G. lucidum<\/em> c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a vitamin D, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ergosterol (ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vitamin D2). Vitamin n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea5p thu canxi v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p khi ergosterol ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tia UV.<\/p>\n

Vitamin C (acid ascorbic): M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p (2,98 mg\/100 g), vitamin C c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p collagen c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

Vitamin E (tocopherol): G. lucidum<\/em> ch\u1ee9a tocopherol (0,36 mg\/100 g), l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a tan trong lipid, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do oxy h\u00f3a (Gharib & cs., 2022).<\/p>\n

3. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, n\u1ea5m Linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Theo D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (2000), n\u1ea5m Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho v\u00e0 hen suy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0, kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, kh\u00e1ng virus (bao g\u1ed3m HIV), ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 triterpenoid, polysaccharide, steroid v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nitrogen. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 tim m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec7nh gan, ung th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

3.1. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Teekachunhatean v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2012) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (apoptosis) v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh, di chuy\u1ec3n, x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 di c\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4. Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 in vivo<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c triterpenoid v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 protein \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch LZ-8 (Guan & cs., 2007).<\/p>\n

3.2. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2n. Polysaccharide c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho T v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c cytokine nh\u01b0 interleukin IL-1\u03b2<\/em>, TNF-\u03b1<\/em> v\u00e0 IL-6. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t interferon \u03b1<\/em> v\u00e0 \u03b3<\/em>, qua \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (Teekachunhantean & cs., 2012).<\/p>\n

3.3. Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng HIV<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Sahar v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (1998) cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft methanol c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a HIV-1 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o MT-4 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb IC\u2085\u2080 l\u00e0 31,1 \u00b5g\/mL, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf enzyme protease c\u1ee7a virus HIV (HIV-PR). T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m triterpenoid, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c acid ganoderic A, B, C1, H v\u00e0 \u03b1<\/em>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng HIV \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (\u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb H\u00e0 & cs., 2013).<\/p>\n

3.4. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng oxi ho\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Linh chi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ea5m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Dong v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2005) cho th\u1ea5y cao n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cao ethanol 80% t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh vi\u00eam gan c\u1ea5p g\u00e2y b\u1edfi CCl\u2084 (El-Mekkawy & cs., 1998).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u in vitro<\/em> c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c cao chi\u1ebft ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n<\/em>-butanol v\u00e0 diethyl ether c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ed1c superoxide hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, cao triterpenoid t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng malondialdehyde (MDA), m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a stress oxy h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m 19,94% \u1edf li\u1ec1u 484 mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Dong & cs., 2005).<\/p>\n

3.5. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ha v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2013) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c cao chi\u1ebft methanol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (n<\/em>-hexan, dichloromethane) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m Linh chi nh\u01b0 ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide v\u00e0 ganodermanontriol c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan c\u1ea3 in vitro<\/em> v\u00e0 in vivo<\/em>. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi\u00ean m\u00e3 Nrf2, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u PI3K\/Akt v\u00e0 p38, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c t<\/em>-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb V\u0103n Thi & cs., 2012).<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, polysaccharide trong n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 albumin huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam gan B. C\u00e1c acid ganoderic R v\u00e0 S (trong h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i) v\u00e0 acid ganoderic A (trong b\u00e0o t\u1eed) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng galactosamin (B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf, 2011).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ganoderma lucidum<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 polysaccharide v\u00e0 triterpenoid, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, G. lucidum<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Obodai, M.; Mensah, D.L.; Fernandes, \u00c2.; Kortei, N.K.; Dzomeku, M.; Teegarden, M.; Schwartz, S.J.; Barros, L.; Prempeh, J.; Takli, R.K.; et al. (2017). Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. Molecules<\/em>, 22<\/em>, 196.<\/p>\n

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Teekachunhatean S., Sadja S., Aasavate C., Chiranthanut N., Rojanasthein N., Sangdee C. (<\/strong>2012) “Pharmacokinetics of Ganoderic Acids A and F affter Oral Administration of Ling Zhi Preparation in Health male volunteers”, Evidence Based<\/em> Colementary and Alternative Medicine<\/em>, 2012, pp. 1-7.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb V\u0103n Thi, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, L\u00ea Trung Hi\u1ebfu, L\u00ea L\u00e2m S\u01a1n (2012), “Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n triterpenoid t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m Linh chi tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf”, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed D\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u1ec7u<\/em>, 17(3), tr. 154-158. [24] B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf (2011), D\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc, <\/em>T\u1eadp 1, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Y h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr. 135-139.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Tam Ki\u1ec7t (2011), N\u1ea5m l\u1edbn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, <\/em>t\u1eadp 1 (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2), Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n
\nKhoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Tang, C. (2023). Recent Advances in the Preparation, Structure, and Biological Activities of \u03b2-Glucan from Ganoderma Species: A Review. Foods,<\/em> 12<\/em>, 2975.<\/p>\n

Zheng, C.; Rangsinth, P.; Shiu, P.H.T.; Wang, W.; Li, R.; Li, J.; Kwan, Y.W.; Leung, G.P.H. (2023). A Review on the Sources, Structures, and Pharmacological Activities of Lucidenic Acids. Molecules,<\/em> 28<\/em>, 1756.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc 1.1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc Theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m Linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum\u00a0(Leyss ex. Fr.) Karst) (h\u00ecnh 1), h\u1ecd N\u1ea5m lim (Ganodermataceae), c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: Gi\u1edbi: N\u1ea5m Ng\u00e0nh: N\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea3m (Basidiomycota) L\u1edbp: N\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea3m (Agaricomycetes) B\u1ed9: N\u1ea5m \u0111a t\u1ea7ng (Polyporales)…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":991060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-991059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=991059"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":991061,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991059\/revisions\/991061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/991060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=991059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=991059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crei.vnua.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=991059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}